On Hold, Redemption period and Pending delete
When a domain expires, it enters a state called On Hold, where the registrar blocks it and you can renew it without problems.
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Then, after a period ranging from 1 to 30 days, it enters a Redemption Period, a "grace period", which usually lasts about 40 days, during which we can still renew our domain.
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If we do not do it, the domain enters a Pending delete state, which lasts about 5 days and after which the domain will be deleted and will be free for anyone to register.